The aim of this assignment is to find out how information processing helps the learning of motor control in dance Essay Example

The aim of this assignment is to find out how information processing helps the learning of motor control in dance Paper Motor control: Understanding the execution of those processes that lead to skilled human movement as well as factors leading to the breakdown of such skills. Motor Learning: Understanding how processes that sub serve movement are developed and factors that facilitate or inhibit this development. Modification in motor behaviour or improvement in proficiency of a motor skill due to experience or practice conditions. (http://plato.acadiau.ca/courses/kine/bmcleod/kine2013/ppoint/a/). This project has the following objectives:- * Find out about the different information processing models and apply them to dance. * Find out how these models can be used to improve the learning of motor control. We will write a custom essay sample on The aim of this assignment is to find out how information processing helps the learning of motor control in dance specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The aim of this assignment is to find out how information processing helps the learning of motor control in dance specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The aim of this assignment is to find out how information processing helps the learning of motor control in dance specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer * Find out about psychological and physiological factors that affect the way you react to a stimulus in dance. * How schemas help in the learning of motor control in dance. The project will be researched in different ways, the Internet, books from Scunthorpe library and the College library and course notes will be used (psychology and physical education). Letters will be written to governing bodies and journals from university libraries will be used. I chose to do my project on this because I am studying AS psychology and physical education and I am very interested in the psychological processes applied to sport, and in particular to the learning of motor skills to improve upon performance. I am particularly interested in information processing and schemas, I have been studying them and would like to find more about then. I am a dancer, I have been dancing since I was 4 years old, I am hoping to use this research to improve upon my dancing. Atkinson and Shiffrins model of information processing shows that the incoming information or the stimulus goes directly in to the sensory memory, it is then passed to the short term memory, unimportant information is forgotten and important information is passed on to the short term memory. For example a new dance move such as a jazz line is put in to the sensory memory, it is then passed on to the short-term memory. This results in a response; if the information is rehearsed or repeated in the short-term memory it is passed on to the long-term memory. If the information in the short-term memory is not rehearsed is forgotten. The jazz line is repeated many times in the short-term memory it will then be stored in the long-term memory, where it will be remembered how it is performed for next time. (Sport and PE) Whitings model of information processing shows that when information is put in it is passed through to the perceptual mechanisms, then passed to the translatory mechanisms where the information is processed before being passed to the effector mechanisms where the output is given. Feedback data is then given to improve upon the input. E.g. doing a high kick, the receptor system senses this input and it is passed to the perceptual mechanism where the individuals own perception is put upon it. It is passed to the translatory mechanism where the information is processed about the movement, it is then passed on to the effector mechanism which is where, what is going to be done is established and the muscular system is the output. Feedback is given. (Advanced PE for Edexcel) Welfords model of information processing shows that information is input by the senses and passed on to the short-term memory store. From the short-term memory it passes to the perception stage, from there it either goes to the short-term memory before a decision is made or it goes directly to the decision process. Here it either consults the long-term memory before going back to the decision process, then the motor output or it goes directly to motor output. The motor output is stored in the long-term memory as well as being the new sensory input. E.g. learning how to do a pirouette in dance. The dancer will attempt this for the first time, this infomation will be passed to the short-term sensory store, this is followed by the dancers personal perception. The information will be passed to the short -term before being passed to the decision process. Before the motor output is performed it will consult the long-term memory to see if there has been any similar situations in the past, i f there has not, it goes to the motor output. The motor output will cause the body to receive intrinsic feedback. This will be stored in the long-term memory. Next time a pirouette is attempted it will go through the same stages except when it gets to the long-term memory, the information from the feedback will be stored improve it. If the pirouette is repeated it will improve each time. In conclusion, after looking at different information processing models, they look very different but basically say the same thing. How well the performer will react to the stimuli is affected by the stage of learning the performer is at, this is because information is processed differently at each stage: There are three stages to learning a new skill; Cognitive phase -Identification and development of the component parts of the skill. Associative phase Linking the component parts into a smooth action. Autonomous phase Developing the learned skill so that it becomes automatic (http://www.brianmac.demon.co.uk/). In the cognitive stage a learner would be very inexperienced at motor control. This means the learner would go through the stages slowly because the motor programmes have not been practiced enough. When the motor control is being performed for the first time the long-term memory doesnt have any previous experiences to follow. When the motor control has been performed a few times it will be remembered but the process is still slow. E.g. a beginner learning their first dance. The moves will be slow and the performer will not be able to make the moves flow into each other. In the associative stage a learner has some experience in motor control. They are able to do the motor control at average standard, but they are still learning and motor control still has to be thought about. E.g. when an experienced dancer is learning a new dance s/he will be able to perform the dance okay but it has not been practiced enough to become autonomous. In the autonomous stage the performer has great experience of motor control. The performer no longer has to think about what they are doing, it becomes automatic. This motor control will only stay automatic if it is performed regularly. E.g. a very experienced dancer who has performed a dance many times and can perform it excellently every time it is performed. The state of mind affects how well you perform. Research sport psychologists have shown that confident athletes tend to experience better results than their less confident counterparts (Weinberg and Gould 1995) (Psychology review). The state of mind the performer is in when participating in an event may help or hinder the performance. E.g. when performing a dance if you are confident you are more likely to perform it well. If you are not confident about your performance you are likely to do badly in the dance. Using memory to select the correct response to similar stimuli speeds up response time. (http://www.longroad.ac.uk/accreditation_project/subject_physical_education/acquisition_skill/information_processing/reaction.htm) E.g. when a duet has been learnt well it is easier to respond to what your partner is doing. Reaction time is quicker to an optimum age, then deteriorates. Males have quicker reactions that females but the deteriorate quicker (http://www.longroad.ac.uk/accreditation_project/subject_physical_education/acquisition_skill/information_processing/reaction.htm) Age and gender have a part to play in how fast the reaction time will be. The reaction time is faster at optimum ages 16 18. Males have a faster reaction time than females but this deteriorates quicker than females. E.g. a male dancer aged 18 will be faster than a women of 25. A schema is an organised packet of information stored in the long term memory. It helps us make sense of situations and provides us with guides for information (The Cognitive Approach). Schemas are an essential part of learning. When a new skill is being learned, the new skill is assimilated and the structure of the schema is accommodated when further information is added. E.g. when learning a new dance you learn sections at a time, you assimilate the new information and start to make a schema, you add to it by assimilating the information and accommodating. The schema can be further accommodated when feedback is given to improve the skill. In final conclusion I think that by understanding how the information processing models work help in the learning of motor control in dance. If you know the stages that you need to pass through you know how to improve upon it. I have found out about psychological and physiological factors that affect the way you react to a stimulus. By knowing them I can now work out what state of mind I need to be in to perform to be at my optimum. I have also found out about schemas, this is very helpful in gaining knowledge about how to change the scheme to improve upon performance. Appraisal of study. I found it difficult to find information, for my literary review, which related to dance. Most textbooks were general and I found the Internet had websites on either dance specifically with unrelated information or sites unrelated to dance with relevant information. If I did this project again, I would write to appropriate associations involved in dance and ask specific questions and ask for specific information on dance and motor control. My project had limitations because dancers learn their specific movements and perfect the performance to make it smooth and defined, while other sports practice basic skills but then have to cope and adapt accordingly during a game or performance situation. This changes the amount of control and skill required to produce a performance as dancers perform in closed skill areas and only have to keep their own timing. I found dance as a sport limited because many people dance for recreation and awards rather than competitively. This changes the amount and level of training and there are significant differences in the amount of motor control and the degree to which it is used or developed.

Wellness Tourism Essays

Wellness Tourism Essays Wellness Tourism Essay Wellness Tourism Essay The Holistic Approach Of Ayurveda Based Wellness Tourism In Kerala RAMESH U *Assistant Professor, College of Engineering, Munnar, Kerala Tel: 04865 230606,232989 (Off), Mob: 094472 46162, Fax: 04865 232106 E Mail : [emailprotected] com ABSTRACT Wellness, in general, is used to mean a healthy balance of the mind, body and spirit that results in an overall feeling of well-being. It is a multidimensional state of being, describing the existence of positive health in an individual as exemplified by quality of life. Health/Wellness tourism refers to trips that are taken by tourists with the principle purpose being to improve their health and/or wellbeing. The wide use of alternative medicines makes India a particularly intriguing destination, and can bill itself as a holistic health solution. Kerala has been well known for hundreds of years for its practice of Ayurveda-a system of medicine that believes not simply treating the ailment but attending to the whole person. Keralas equable climate, natural abundance of forests (with a wealth of herbs and medicinal plants) and the cool monsoon season (June November) are best suited for curative and restorative packages. Before or after their treatment- or both- medical travelers can enjoy Kerala’s many popular tourist destinations. Whether they enjoy heritage tourism, or viewing wildlife, a beach vacation, or back water experiences, Kerala has a great deal to offer. The concept of health holiday, now better known as Wellness holiday, is based on the principles of Ayurveda, meditation, yoga, physical exercises and a balanced diet. It is like rejuvenation and clean up process on all levels physical, mental and emotional. Ayurveda deals elaborately with measures for healthful living during the entire span of life and its various phases. Besides, dealing with principles for maintenance of health, it has also developed a wide range of therapeutic measures to combat illness. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the reason as to why Kerala is being chosen as a preferred destination for Wellness Tourism and to explore the current opportunities and facilities offered to the Wellness seekers. Key Words: Well being, Health holiday, Ayurveda, Rejuvenation. INTRODUCTION More than 50 years ago, the World Health Organization defined health as more than freedom from illness, disease, and debilitating conditions (WHO, 1947). The suggestion by World Health Organization that health had a positive component led to the use of the term wellness- now widely used to describe the state of being representing that positive component (Corbin, Pangrazi, Franks, 2000). Halbert Dunn developed the philosophy of wellness tourism to illustrate about a special state of health comprising an overall sense of wellbeing which sees man as consisting of body, spirit, mind and being dependent on his environment (Dunn, H. L, 1965). It is a concept that is attractive to visitors who love combining wellbeing and lifestyle healthcare services with the strong desire to travel overseas. The global advancement in medical research and technologies, increased facililities of transportation and demand of immediate quality healthcare have provided the patients worldwide to travel abroad for treatments. The Indian healthcare industry has realized the potential of this niche market and has begun to tailor their services for international visitors (Ilyas, 2008). Government and private sector studies in India estimate that medical tourism could bring between $1 billion and $2 billion US into the country by 2012. The reports estimate that medical tourism to India is growing by 30 per cent a year. In order to qualify as a contemporary wellness tourism experience, we would contend that some deliberate contribution has to be made to psychological, spiritual or emotional well-being in addition to physical. This takes wellness tourism from the realm of being merely a passive form of tourism with a focus on escapism to one where tourists are purposefully driven by the desire to actively seek enhanced wellness. Arguably, however, there had been an unprecedented intensification in the pursuit of wellness in the history of Tourism in the recent years (Smith Kelly, 2006). The present trend, however, is for western tourists to seek solace in Eastern philosophies and therapies (e. g. , Chinese medicine, Buddhist meditation, Indian Ayurveda, Thai massage). With more people in the west realizing the effectiveness of traditional and natural medicines in treating chronic diseases over modern medicines using chemical drugs, the scopes provided by Kerala is getting an upper hand in the Modern world. The Ayurvedic system of medicine has become very popular among tourists in the recent times. Ayurveda has its own comprehensive way of understanding the body, of what causes diseases, how to prevent them, how to relieve and cure them, methods of preparing therapeutic medicines using herbs and oils, rejuvenation and methods of surgery. Kerala is the only place where Ayurveda is practiced in its true and authentic form. Wellness related tourism services provided by Kerala are now the most debated topic among the tourists and health care tourism providers’ world wide. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the holistic approach offered to the wellness seekers visiting Kerala through the traditional therapies and the factors that sustain this unique tourism product. DISCUSSION Health is god given and a natural phenomenon. It is a law of the nature to protect the human beings from diseases. The fast paced lifestyle and stressful job coupled with lack of exercise and excessive eating habits have made the modern executive human to a variety of ailments. Even though the technological advancement of modern medicine is tremendous, its capacity for controlling and preventing diseases has gone down considerably. People are taking a lot more of drugs than they used to, and drug costs are inflating at a higher rate than any other component of health care (Angel, 2004). There have been some attempts to classify specific measures of Wellness, such factors as personal energy, ability to enjoy leisure, better self-image and self-confidence, to name but a few(Cooper, 1982). Medical tourism can be broadly defined as provision of cost effective private medical care in collaboration with the tourism industry for patients needing surgical and other forms of specialized treatment. Tourism in its initial stages was directly aimed at increasing health and well being of people. In the present decade, the attempt to achieve better health while on a holiday through relaxation, exercise or visits to spas has been taken into a new level, with the emergence of a distinct niche in the tourism industry, â€Å"Wellness Tourism†, where tourism is deliberately linked to direct health interventions and the outcomes are expected to be substantial. The growing world wide focus on health and well being has led to an enormous increase in the wellness facilities in India. The country’s National Health Policy declares that treatment of foreign patients is legally an export nd deemed eligible for all fiscal incentives extended to export earnings. The increasing attractiveness and economic significance of health and Wellness tourism is further apparent in the growth of both domestic and international visitors since the beginning of this decade. India is the most touted healthcare destination for countries like South-East Asia, Middle East, Africa, Mauritius, Ta nzania, Bangladesh and Yemen with 12 per cent patient inflow from developing countries. An estimated 150,000 medical tourists visited India during 2007, representing a 20% jump over the previous year and reports reveal that the earnings from Ayurveda Tourism alone amounted to Rs 60 billion. Table 1 indicates the foreign tourist arrivals and the foreign exchange earnings from 1996 to 2006. India has a huge diversity of holiday options ranging from the beaches of Goa, the mighty Himalayas, thousands of years of culture, diverse wildlife and of course the Ayurveda based wellness facilities offered by Kerala. The added attractions to patients who wish to avail treatment in India is medical visa, it will now be easier to travel to India as the visa could be extended without any problem. Apart from the competitive pricing and specialized Medicare facililities, the Ayurveda based traditional treatments offered by Kerala has now emerged as the USP for India to develop as the most sought after healthcare destination in the World. Ayurveda based Wellness facilities Offered by Kerala Kerala – The mesmerizing land located in the south of India enjoys geographical features that are unique and rich. Kerala is one of the few blessed lands in the world that is networked by forty four rivers. These rivers are also known as the â€Å"backwaters of Kerala† and it stretches up to almost 1900 kilometers. Kerala has some of the amazing, most charming beaches of the world. The colourful beaches always remain bathed in the golden rays of the sun and the tourists who spent their time here gets captivated by the ever glowing beauty of this picturesque land. It has a 600 km long shoreline dotted with coconut groves, natural harbors, lagoons and sheltered coves. Kerala has some of the finest hill stations in India with the entire Western Ghats studded with evergreens, rolling grasslands, sholas and stretches of rejuvenating fragrance of tea and coffee plantations. Table 2 indicates the arrival rate of foreign tourists to India and the state wise break up highlighting the position of Kerala during the years 2005 and 2006. This state is also the only place in India which practices Ayurveda in its purest form. Ayurveda is the traditional Indian system of medicine that has brought true health, happiness and wellbeing to millions of individuals throughout the ages. This ancient art of healing has been in practice for over 5000years, and was also the mainstream medicine in the ancient times. Derived from its ancient Sanskrit roots – â€Å"ayus† (life) and â€Å"ved† (knowledge) – and offering a rich, comprehensive outlook to a healthy life, it is the only medical science in this universe which is useful even when one is not ill. Ayurveda is a complete science of health that is being applicable in all stages of life starting from birth, neonates, infants, childhood, youth, old age and even life before and after death. For many people, the image of Ayurveda is limited to the use of herbal or home/kitchen remedies and a traditional way of treatment. But in reality, Ayurveda is a much serious medical science, which strongly emphasizes on the diagnosis, examination, analysis of the disease, diet, medicinal properties, dose, frequency of the medicine and the medium with which it should be consumed (Kulkarni, 2008). These factors are highly crucial in achieving a complete cure and restore the balance and harmony of an individual, resulting in self-healing, good health and longevity. The Medicare in Ayurveda has broadly two parts: one is preservation of health and prevention of diseases and the second, diseases and their treatment. In Ayurvedic terminology, the first is â€Å"Swasthavritha† and the later is â€Å"Athuravritha†. Ayurveda follows a totally different way of treating diseases known as â€Å"Panchakarma†, which means literally â€Å"Five Therapies† which are the subtly harmonizing purification procedures that dissolve metabolic waste products and toxins generated from the environmental ill effects, in a gentle and effective way from the tissues and eliminate them from the body. The five therapies are namely:- Vamana- emetic and administration of drugs to produce vomiting, Virechana- administration of drugs for purgation, Nasyam- administration of drugs through nasal cavities, Anuvasana- rectal administration of medicated oil preparation and Nirooha- rectal administration of herbal decoctions. This treatment is advisable to the diseased as well as the healthy. In healthy persons, it is performed as a measure for health preservation. Ayurveda also has a comprehensive system of massages and body treatments that gives relief from a wide range of illnesses, from migraine and sinus to arthritis and paralysis; that detoxify and cleans the body through controlled emesis, purgation, making the individual sweat; and that makes the body receptive to further treatment. Apart from the above mentioned therapies, Ayurveda offers something special for the middle aged tourists – â€Å"Rasayana† Treatment. The Rasayana method of treatment is considered to be a measure to check and prevent the process of natural degeneration and decay by maintaining the strength of tissues (Varier, 1986). Ayurveda also claims that surgery may always be the last option in case of the treatment of an ailment. Natural medicines like herbs and minerals can all be partaken as food and not medicine as such, since their composition is all natural. These therapies are more effective in Kerala due to the almost year around humid climate of the state. Even though our country is facing stiff competitions from other Wellness facilitation destinations in Asia – Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia and Philippines, the traditional and natural medical practices offered by Kerala Ayurveda is helping in attracting medical tourists from US, Europe and other Middle Eastern countries, increasingly, to seek solace as to their belief and reality, as Ayurveda extends excellent treatments for ailments like Osteo-Arthritis, Rheumatic Arthritis, Tennis Elbow and Carpel Tunnel Syndrome, Spondylosis, Intervertibular disc prolapse, Frozen Shoulder, Insomnia, Migraine, Skin Diseases and of course Weight management. Table 3 indicates the variety of Ayurvedic treatments offered for different ailments. Kerala is now considered as one of the best places for alternative healthcare treatments and because of this popularity, the number of Ayurvedic centers opening up across the state is also substantially increasing. With a view to facilitate the wellness tourism industry to achieve the targets and to give a greater momentum for this growth, the Ministry of Tourism, Government of Kerala, in association with the Department of Indian Systems of Medicine has identified an urgent need to evaluate the safety and service standards of the prevailing and newly establishing Ayurveda centers and classify them accordingly. Standards have been set in terms of Personnel – Qualified physicians and masseurs having sufficient degree and training from recognized Ayurveda institutions, Quality of medicines and Health programmes – Prior approval by the advisory committee for the levels of treatments, clear exhibition of the treatment programmes offered and usage of medicines manufactured by approved firms with proper labeling, Equipments Standards are fixed for the size and make of massage tables, facilities for medicated hot water , sterilization, electric/ gas stove and the hygiene , Facilities in terms of number of treatment rooms with prescribed size , proper ventilation and attached bathrooms, quality and finishing of floors and walls, consultation room with proper equipments, separate rest rooms, locality , ambience and the cleanliness of surroundings. Ayurvedic centers fulfilling all the mentioned essential conditions are awarded a certification named Olive Leaf. Apart from the same, Government has also set some optional conditions in terms of the construction and architectural features of the building, adequate parking space, facilities for steam bath, separate hall for yoga and meditation, herbal garden attached to the center and the picturesque location. The Ayurveda centers also fulfilling these optional conditions will awarded Green Leaf. The district wise distribution of classified Ayurvedic health centers in Kerala is shown in Table 4. From the past two decades, the necessity for a holistic approach in the treatment of diseases had been an active topic for discussion among the scholars of modern medical sciences (Mohanlal, 2008). As a system of medicine that completely eliminates the disease from the body without causing any side effects, and which ultimately promotes the basic health, Ayurveda stands atop the alternative systems of treatments recognized by the World Health Organization. Many foreign countries have already started Kerala Ayurveda treatment centers and the export of Ayurvedic medicines to international market is increasing in a faster pace day by day. But, to the surprise, foreign tourists are often just as keen to visit the origin of the practice to avail treatments and body purification processes. The basic principles emerging from a holistic outlook, the peculiar and unique techniques of treatments, and the health promoting and non reactive herbal drugs used are the main elements which differentiate Ayurveda from the other prevailing medical systems. CONCLUSION India is one of the countries that have deliberately set out to be a dominant medical tourism destination. A recent trend has shown that people from developed countries are seeking treatment from the health professionals of developing countries. The Indian medical tourism industry is growing at an annual rate of 30 percent and with international traveling becoming easier and affordable and with improvements in healthcare technology and infrastructure across the world, medical tourism is fast becoming a preferable way to mingle leisure with health and wellness. Ayurveda, the traditional system of medicine and health science, is an integral part of Kerala’s culture. In all branches of medicine and health care, Ayurveda has its own, peculiar contributions and tourists from all over the world are seeking healing in numerous Ayurveda Centers in Kerala. In the long run, Wellness tourism can become the niche for foreign revenue generation as there is an increasing trend in the number of visitors to Kerala as wellness seekers. Varsity of the Wellness phenomenon coupled with the mind blowing tourism potential offers a well set choice for international tourists to visit this land better known to the world as ‘Gods Own Country’.

Biography of Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz

Biography of Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz Chester Henry Nimitz (February 24, 1885–February 20, 1966) served as Commander in Chief of the U.S. Pacific Fleet during World War II and was later promoted to the new rank of Fleet Admiral. In that role, he commanded all land and sea forces in the central Pacific area. Nimitz was responsible for the victories at Midway and Okinawa among others. In later years, he served as chief of naval operations for the United States. Fast Facts: Chester Henry Nimitz Known For: Commander in Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet during World War IIBorn: February 24, 1885 in Fredericksburg, TexasParents: Anna Josephine, Chester Bernhard NimitzDied: February 20, 1966 in Yerba Buena Island, San Francisco, CaliforniaEducation: U.S. Naval AcademyPublished Works: Sea Power, a Naval History (co-editor with E.B. Potter)Awards and Honors: (list includes only American decorations) Navy Distinguished Service Medal with three gold stars, Army Distinguished Service Medal,  Silver Lifesaving Medal, World War I Victory Medal,  Secretary of the Navy Commendation Star, American Defense Service Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal, World War II Victory Medal, National Defense Service Medal with service star. In addition (among other honors) namesake of the USS  Nimitz, the first nuclear-powered supercarrier. The Nimitz Foundation funds the National Museum of the Pacific War and the Admiral Nimitz Museum, Fredericksburg, Texas.Spouse: Catherine Vance FreemanChildren: Cat herine Vance, Chester William Jr., Anna Elizabeth, Mary MansonNotable Quote: God grant me the courage not to give up what I think is right even though I think it is hopeless. Early Life Chester William Nimitz was born in Fredericksburg, Texas, on February 24, 1885, and was the son of Chester Bernhard and Anna Josephine Nimitz. Nimitzs father died before he was born and as a young man, he was influenced by his grandfather Charles Henry Nimitz, who had served as a merchant seaman. Attending Tivy High School in Kerrville, Texas, Nimitz originally wished to attend West Point but was unable to do so as no appointments were available. Meeting with Congressman James L. Slayden, Nimitz was informed that one competitive appointment was available to Annapolis. Viewing the U.S. Naval Academy as his best option for continuing his education, Nimitz devoted himself to studying and succeeded in winning the appointment. Annapolis Nimitz departed high school early to commence his naval career. Arriving at Annapolis in 1901, he proved an able student and showed a particular aptitude for mathematics. A member of the academys crew team, he graduated with distinction on January 30, 1905, ranked seventh in a class of 114. His class graduated early, as there was a shortage of junior officers due to the rapid expansion of the U.S. Navy. Assigned to the battleship USS Ohio (BB-12), he traveled to the Far East. Remaining in the Orient, he later served aboard the cruiser USS Baltimore. In January 1907, having completed the required two years at sea, Nimitz was commissioned as an ensign. Submarines Diesel Engines Leaving the USS Baltimore, Nimitz received command of the gunboat USS Panay in 1907 before moving on to assume command of the destroyer USS Decatur. While conning Decatur on July 7, 1908, Nimitz grounded the ship on a mud bank in the Philippines. Though he rescued a seaman from drowning in the wake of the incident, Nimitz was court-martialed and issued a letter of reprimand. Returning home, he was transferred to the submarine service in early 1909. Promoted to lieutenant in January 1910, Nimitz commanded several early submarines before being named Commander, 3rd Submarine Division, Atlantic Torpedo Fleet in October 1911. Ordered to Boston the following month to oversee the fitting out of USS Skipjack (E-1), Nimitz received a Silver Lifesaving Medal for rescuing a drowning sailor in March 1912. Leading the Atlantic Submarine Flotilla from May 1912 to March 1913, Nimitz was assigned to oversee the construction of diesel engines for the tanker USS Maumee. While in this assignment, he married Catherine Vance Freeman in April 1913. That summer, the U.S. Navy dispatched Nimitz to Nuremberg, Germany and Ghent, Belgium to study diesel technology. Returning, he became one of the services foremost experts on diesel engines. World War I Re-assigned to Maumee, Nimitz lost part of his right ring finger while demonstrating a diesel engine. He was only saved when his Annapolis class ring jammed the engines gears. Returning to duty, he was made the ships executive officer and engineer upon its commissioning in October 1916. With the U.S. entry into World War I, Nimitz oversaw the first underway refuelings as Maumee aided the first American destroyers crossing the Atlantic to the war zone. Now a lieutenant commander, Nimitz returned to submarines on August 10, 1917, as an aide to Rear Admiral Samuel S. Robinson, commander of the U.S. Atlantic Fleets submarine force. Made Robinsons chief of staff in February 1918, Nimitz received a letter of commendation for his work. The Interwar Years With the war winding down in September 1918, he saw duty in the office of the Chief of Naval Operations and was a member of the Board of Submarine Design. Returning to sea in May 1919, Nimitz was made executive officer of the battleship USS South Carolina (BB-26). After brief service as the commander of USS Chicago and Submarine Division 14, he entered the Naval War College in 1922. After graduating he became chief of staff to Commander, Battle Forces and later Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Fleet. In August 1926, Nimitz traveled to the University of California-Berkeley to establish a Naval Reserve Officer Training Corps Unit. Promoted to captain on June 2, 1927, Nimitz departed Berkeley two years later to take command of Submarine Division 20. In October 1933, he was given command of the cruiser USS Augusta. Principally serving as flagship of the Asiatic Fleet, he remained in the Far East for two years. Arriving back in Washington, Nimitz was appointed Assistant Chief of the Bureau of Navigation. After a brief time in this role, he was made Commander, Cruiser Division 2, Battle Force. Promoted to rear admiral on June 23, 1938, he was transferred to be Commander, Battleship Division 1, Battle Force that October. World War II Begins Coming ashore in 1939, Nimitz was selected to serve as Chief of the Bureau of Navigation. He was in this role when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. Ten days later, Nimitz was selected to replace Admiral Husband Kimmel as Commander-in-Chief of the U.S. Pacific Fleet. Traveling west, he arrived at Pearl Harbor on Christmas Day. Officially taking command on December 31, Nimitz immediately began efforts to rebuild the Pacific Fleet and halt the Japanese advance across the Pacific. Coral Sea and Midway On March 30, 1942, Nimitz was also made Commander-in-Chief, Pacific Ocean Areas giving him control of all Allied forces in the central Pacific. Initially operating on the defensive, Nimitzs forces won a strategic victory at the Battle of the Coral Sea in May 1942, which halted Japanese efforts to capture Port Moresby, New Guinea. The following month, they scored a decisive triumph over the Japanese at the Battle of Midway. With reinforcements arriving, Nimitz shifted to the offensive and began a protracted campaign in the Solomon Islands in August, centered on the capture of Guadalcanal. After several months of bitter fighting on land and sea, the island was finally secured in early 1943. While General Douglas MacArthur, Commander-in-Chief, Southwest Pacific Area, advanced through New Guinea, Nimitz began a campaign of island hopping across the Pacific. Rather than engage sizable Japanese garrisons, these operations were designed to cut them off and let them wither on the vine. Moving from island to island, Allied forces used each as a base for capturing the next. Island Hopping Beginning with Tarawa in November 1943, Allied ships and men pushed through the Gilbert Islands and into the Marshalls capturing Kwajalein and Eniwetok. Next targeting Saipan, Guam, and Tinian in the Marianas, Nimitzs forces succeeded in routing the Japanese fleet at the Battle of the Philippine Sea in June 1944. Capturing the islands, Allied forces next fought a bloody battle for Peleliu and then secured Angaur and Ulithi. To the south, elements of the U.S. Pacific Fleet under Admiral William Bull Halsey won a climactic fight at the Battle of Leyte Gulf in support of MacArthurs landings in the Philippines. On December 14, 1944, by Act of Congress, Nimitz was promoted to the newly created rank of Fleet Admiral (five-star). Shifting his headquarters from Pearl Harbor to Guam in January 1945, Nimitz oversaw the capture of Iwo Jima two months later. With airfields in the Marianas operational, B-29 Superfortresses began bombing the Japanese home islands. As part of this campaign, Nimitz ordered the mining of Japanese harbors. In April, Nimitz began the campaign to capture Okinawa. After an extended fight for the island, it was captured in June. End of the War Throughout the war in the Pacific, Nimitz made effective use of his submarine force, which conducted a highly effective campaign against Japanese shipping. As Allied leaders in the Pacific were planning for the invasion of Japan, the war came to an abrupt end with the use of the atom bomb in early August. On September 2, Nimitz was aboard the battleship USS Missouri (BB-63) as part of the Allied delegation to receive the Japanese surrender. The second Allied leader to sign the Instrument of Surrender after MacArthur, Nimitz signed as the representative of the United States. Postwar With the conclusion of the war, Nimitz departed the Pacific to accept the position of Chief of Naval Operations (CNO). Replacing Fleet Admiral Ernest J. King, Nimitz took office on December 15, 1945. During his two years in office, Nimitz was tasked with scaling back the U.S. Navy to a peacetime level. To accomplish this, he established a variety of reserve fleets to ensure that an appropriate level of readiness was maintained despite reductions in the strength of the active fleet. During the Nuremberg Trial of German Grand Admiral Karl Doenitz in 1946, Nimitz produced an affidavit in support of the use of unrestricted submarine warfare. This was a key reason why the German admirals life was spared and a relatively short prison sentence was given. During his term as CNO, Nimitz also advocated on behalf of the U.S. Navys relevancy in the age of atomic weapons and pushed for continuing research and development. This saw Nimitz support Captain Hyman G. Rickovers early proposals to convert the submarine fleet to nuclear power and resulted in the construction of USS Nautilus. Retiring from the U.S. Navy on December 15, 1947, Nimitz and his wife settled in Berkeley, California. Later Life On January 1, 1948, Nimitz was appointed to the largely ceremonial role of Special Assistant to the Secretary of the Navy in the Western Sea Frontier. Prominent in the San Francisco-area community, he served as a regent of the University of California from 1948 to 1956. During this time, he worked to restore relations with Japan and helped lead fundraising efforts for the restoration of the battleship Mikasa, which had served as Admiral Heihachiro Togos flagship at the 1905 Battle of Tsushima. Death In late 1965, Nimitz suffered a stroke that was later complicated by pneumonia. Returning to his home on Yerba Buena Island, Nimitz died on February 20, 1966. Following his funeral, he was buried at Golden Gate National Cemetery in San Bruno, California.

Symbolism in Desiree's Baby by Kate Chopin Essay

Symbolism in Desiree's Baby by Kate Chopin - Essay Example ave a child who grows to appear with a heritage as a ‘quadroon’, the happiness of their marriage is shattered and Desiree disappears into the bayou as Armand destroys the evidence of their love. In the end, a letter reveals that it is Armand who had a mother with the heritage that gave their child the appearance of a ‘quadroon’, not Desiree. The story of Desiree’s Baby written by Kate Chopin uses symbolism to show the way in which prejudice and slavery affect her characters and in order to discuss the nature of race, gender, and love in a compelling story with a surprise ending that challenges conceptions. Because there is doubt about the origins of Desiree, there is a fear by the Valmondes, the people who took her in as she was left on their doorstep, that she will have a mixed race heritage. As she is loved by them, they do not care, but they fear for her life as a wife of a rich plantation owner who has many slaves. Although he implication of this is that she will be unacceptable as a wife for Armand who claims to not care because he loves her so much. Chopin writes that â€Å"Armand Aubigny riding by and seeing her there, had fallen in love with her. That was the way all the Aubignys fell in love, as if struck by a pistol shot† (Chopin 219). When she bears him a child who appears to be of mixed race, his heart turns on her and he drives her from their home. The discussion that Chopin introduces is based upon the difficulties of identity and race as it was interpreted in the time contemporary to her writing. Armand loves her as long as he has no knowledge of her genetic history, but when he believes he has discovered that she has an ancestor that might be ‘black’, he turns on her and rejects this aspect of her identity. The imagery that Chopin evokes as he falls in love with Desiree evokes a violent and explosive idea through the â€Å"pistol shot† (Chopin 219). This is a foreboding of how the relationship will end as his powerful attraction to her

Managing Diversity and Equality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Managing Diversity and Equality - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the British labour market is a highly diverse one and, according to available statistics, is continually moving towards greater diversity.   According to 2005 data released by the Office of National Statistics, 5.4% of the current labour force is foreign, with EU and former Commonwealth migration statistics, among other non-British sources of labour inflow, indicating a continual increase. The previous year, 2005, was witness to the largest ever influx of foreign workers to Britain, totalling approximately 400,000.   In addition to that, diversity statistics indicate that ethnic minority groups comprise approximately 8% of the current workforce; 25% are non-Christian; and around 12% are disabled.   Statistics pertaining to gays and lesbians are indeterminate, largely because of a lack of national surveys but, are estimated to stand between 5-7%. The implication here is that the British workforce is, incontrovertibly diverse; a fa ct which poses challenges to organizational management. Over the past thirty years, legislature has effectively acknowledged the reality of the nation's existent and, ever-increasing, gender, ethnic, racial, religious and cultural diversity and has sought its positive address. From 2003 to 2006, Employment Equality regulations addressed the issues of all of age, religion/belief and sexual orientation, effectively establishing the legal and regulatory framework for both the prevention of direct and indirect discrimination against minority group employees while, at the same time, outlining the imperatives of equity. Prior to that, all of the Equal Pay Act (1970), the Sex Discrimination Act (1975), the Race Relations Act (1976) and the Race Relations Amendment Act (2000), among others, sought to ensure against both direct and indirect discrimination in the provision of goods and services and within the workplace. Consequently, from the legal and regulatory perspective, Britain has take n the requisite steps to ensure that its minority groups are extended the necessary opportunities for integration and assimilation. While the legal and regulatory framework provides against both direct and indirect discrimination in the workplace, the fact remains that it did so largely because it outlawed the aforementioned. It imposed a toleration of differences upon employees and co-workers but, does not establish the mechanism for directing either to look beyond the differences or, indeed, to accept, rather than simply tolerate them. From the perspective of the management sciences, the aforementioned can function to inhibit efficient and effective operation; can stand as an obstacle towards the articulation, let alone realisation, of strategic objectives; and can offset the design and subsequent dissemination of a unifying organizational culture. Of equal importance is the potentially negative effect it can have upon teamwork. At the same time, if managed efficiently, the benefi ts of a diversified workforce can reflect upon both financial and non-financial performance indicators. The concept of diversity management arose from within this context. It aims, not only to achieve more than toleration for differences but, the realisation of the benefits of workforce diversity for the organisations in question.

The College Years Essay Example for Free

The College Years Essay College is a place where the students have a big experience. They can learn about specific subject, acquire knowledge and skills. Although, different students have difference reason to study in a college. College years have also coined personal moments. There are many friends however the relationships in the college might be much closer and warmer. Before we begin to study in college, our life often arranged by our parents and our study often arranged by our teachers, it is very different for us to live and study in college, because students studying in college have to arrange their life. The best time in a college often have comfortable and uncomfortable feeling to live with stranger, because we don’t know each other and perhaps our habits and personality are different. We have cooperate to solve a lot of problems, don’t care about economic problems or situations related with money. Gradually, we can improve our life, share groceries with classmates, books, and notes and sometimes study together when the subject required do it. Consequently the college years are the best moments in our personal life. We go to college to prepare and enjoy. In this part of our life has a very good feeling in our professional life, this part that we never forgot and always remember in our social talk. When recently left from the college all classmate contact to me by phone or by e-mail, after a few months the phones were more random and less frequent. But 5 years latter, every body has new nostalgic moments and organizes a party to share our experience and remember college’s moments. In general the college years are the best time. Never heard that somebody don’t wants to repeat the experience about the college years. We go to college because we like to learn. We go to college for personal fulfillment. We go to college because going to college is an interesting social experience.

History Of Baulhkam Hills :: essays research papers

About Baulkham Hills Baulkham Hills, located approximately 29km North West of Sydney, is one of the largest suburbs in area and population within the Hills with a population of 33,661 people (Census 2001). Baulkham Hills as a suburb not including Bella Vista makes up about 24% of the total population (139,404) of the Baulkham Hills Shire. 23,282 people were born in Australia and 25,855 speak English only. 30,179 live in separated houses as opposed to other forms such as flats, units or townhouses. (Census 2001) Baulkham Hills Town Centre includes Stockland Mall, The Bull 'n' Bush Hotel and a number of street shops. Baulkham Hills is the home of Norwest Business Park which is rapidly becoming the main business centre within the Hills. Norwest Business Park includes retail, commercial, industrial and hotel developments. For example Norwest Marketown, Norwest International Hotel and the Hills Christian Life Centre. Baulkham Hills is also the home to Baulkham Hills TAFE College and a number of private and public schools. History of BAULKHAM HILLS There are several versions of how this area between Castle Hill and Parramatta was named. The most likely reason is its resemblance to the county of Roxburgh, between Scotland and England, which shares a similar name, Buckholm Hills, the home of one of the area's early settlers. Andrew McDougall, who arrived in Sydney in 1798 from Roxburgh, was one of several settlers to receive grants in the area in 1799. He called his 150 acre grant Roxburgh Hall. The estate remained in the family until 1876 and Roxburgh Hall was built in 1860. Andrew McDougall was one of the trustees appointed when 3,000 acres were set aside as Baulkham Hills Common in 1804. The name has been officially recognised since 1802. One of the earliest land grants in the area was the 30 acres given to George Best in 1796. He slowly gained more land until he had 185 acres. The oldest farm-house in the area is Joyce Farmhouse in Valerie Crescent, near Seven Hills. It was built in 1804 by William Joyce, destroyed by fire and rebuilt in 1806, and used as an inn between 1811 and 1826. Joyce had received his 30 acre grant in about 1794. One of the oldest pioneer families in Parramatta came into this area when George Suttor received a grant of 186 acres in 1802 and advanced on the property, which he called Chelsea Farm, after his birthplace in London. History Of Baulhkam Hills :: essays research papers About Baulkham Hills Baulkham Hills, located approximately 29km North West of Sydney, is one of the largest suburbs in area and population within the Hills with a population of 33,661 people (Census 2001). Baulkham Hills as a suburb not including Bella Vista makes up about 24% of the total population (139,404) of the Baulkham Hills Shire. 23,282 people were born in Australia and 25,855 speak English only. 30,179 live in separated houses as opposed to other forms such as flats, units or townhouses. (Census 2001) Baulkham Hills Town Centre includes Stockland Mall, The Bull 'n' Bush Hotel and a number of street shops. Baulkham Hills is the home of Norwest Business Park which is rapidly becoming the main business centre within the Hills. Norwest Business Park includes retail, commercial, industrial and hotel developments. For example Norwest Marketown, Norwest International Hotel and the Hills Christian Life Centre. Baulkham Hills is also the home to Baulkham Hills TAFE College and a number of private and public schools. History of BAULKHAM HILLS There are several versions of how this area between Castle Hill and Parramatta was named. The most likely reason is its resemblance to the county of Roxburgh, between Scotland and England, which shares a similar name, Buckholm Hills, the home of one of the area's early settlers. Andrew McDougall, who arrived in Sydney in 1798 from Roxburgh, was one of several settlers to receive grants in the area in 1799. He called his 150 acre grant Roxburgh Hall. The estate remained in the family until 1876 and Roxburgh Hall was built in 1860. Andrew McDougall was one of the trustees appointed when 3,000 acres were set aside as Baulkham Hills Common in 1804. The name has been officially recognised since 1802. One of the earliest land grants in the area was the 30 acres given to George Best in 1796. He slowly gained more land until he had 185 acres. The oldest farm-house in the area is Joyce Farmhouse in Valerie Crescent, near Seven Hills. It was built in 1804 by William Joyce, destroyed by fire and rebuilt in 1806, and used as an inn between 1811 and 1826. Joyce had received his 30 acre grant in about 1794. One of the oldest pioneer families in Parramatta came into this area when George Suttor received a grant of 186 acres in 1802 and advanced on the property, which he called Chelsea Farm, after his birthplace in London.

Google, Inc. and China Essay

A big part of the â€Å"big if† is the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and its one-party rule over that country. Nevertheless, the CCP intends to incorporate the Internet and digital networks into its strategic economic development plans and help it to become a significant element in the network society. Then-president Jiang Zemin is quoted in Foster and Goodman (2000: xii; cited in Hassan, 2004 p. 60) as saying that ‘Internet technology is going to change the international situation, military combat, production, culture and economic aspects of our daily lives significantly. He omitted to mention ‘politics’ in his list, of course, and the CCP struggles, vainly, to control what growing numbers of Mainland Chinese read, see and hear on the Internet. In China, the popular search engine Google is classified as a media company and access is restricted. Until recently, Web- pages served by Google to users in China had to pass through filters set up by the Chinese government that eliminate information the State does not want people to see. In 2006, Google announced that it would set up a local site in China, to better serve the China market. The site would feature only â€Å"sanitized† search results that met the approval of the Chinese government. So next time you are in Beijing, try searching for Falun Gong, the social group that so upsets the ruling party, and see what, if anything you get (Meza, 2007 p. 116). Good has significantly yet unknowingly reached the borders of Chinese efforts to maintain the presence of communism and the innate government rule; however, the unbiased and direct information imposed in the search engines of Google threatens all these political efforts (Hassan, 2004 p. 61). Background Chinese users love the Google Internet search engine because it reads Chinese characters. In mid-2002 the Chinese government blocked access to Google and tried to limit access to the CNN and BIIC web site’s (Sloan 2002; cited in Hassan, 2004 p. 60). However, for Chinese users with a minimum of Internet knowledge and a willingness to defy their government, it was simply a matter of a few mouse-clicks to detour around those sites blocked and limited by the authorities and search or browse through a Google, CNN and 61 mirror-site instead. Censoring the Internet’s content, especially its political content, seems set to he a constant (and ultimately unsuccessful) rearguard action for the CCP (Hassan, 2004 p. 60-61). Google technologies could result in states being able to exert much greater influence through the Internet. Technology will advance to make censorship easier, even automated. Google has long promoted the ideal of access to information. Its mission, according to a Goggle attorney, is â€Å"to organize the world’s information and make it universally useful and accessible. † Google concluded that the company could not provide a high level of service in China without a local presence. The Chinese government may well have found a way to control this vast amount of information using a variety of filtering software. One method uses filtering technology that in effect disables features of the search engine Google by tapping into snapshots of web pages stored on Google servers—which are based outside China’ that formerly provided a common way for Chinese to view sites that were otherwise blocked (Landow, 2006 p. 324).

History Of The Amputation Procedure Health And Social Care Essay

Harmonizing to WebMD â€Å" an amputation is the remotion of portion or all of a organic structure portion enclosed by tegument. Amputations are performed to take morbid tissue or to alleviate hurting † . The first amputations were performed in the Neolithic times, the first recorded instance of an amputation and prosthetic replacing surgery appears in the book of the Vedas. Most of the first amputations occurred during times of war, where injury to the appendages was really common. During the American Civil War if you were shot in the trunk there was a great opportunity that you would decease, but if you were shot in an appendage, quickest and most common option was amputation. When available the civil war sawboness put Chloroform on a fabric, so the fabric was held over the victim ‘s oral cavity and nose until the individual became unconscious. Because of the big figure of hurt soldiers the sawboness became experts with amputations, most of the clip the amputations could be performed in approximately 10 proceedingss. The sawboness were non healthful, because there was a deficit of H2O therefore they made no effort to rinse custodies or instruments between surgeries, despite all of this the survival rate of the amputees was at about 75 % . The bulk of the Civil War sawboness learned this process from this book â€Å" The Practice of Surgery † , by Samuel Cooper. This book was the â€Å" How To † book of executing amputations for the sawbones s. This book discusses the measure by measure ways to cut off the leg, below the articulatio genus, the arm, and the fingers and toes. Some of the instruments that the Civil War sawboness used were the compression bandage, scalpels, bone proverb, and bone childs. The compression bandage was used to curtail the flow of blood during an amputation process. The scalpel was used to do scratchs in the tegument. The bone proverb were used to cut straight through bone, and musculus. The bone childs were used to take matchwoods from the bone that the bone proverb could hold caused. Today there are many different types of amputations ; they are first categorized under upper limb amputations, and lower limb amputations. The upper limb amputations include: amputation of single figures, multiple digit amputation, metacarpal amputation, wrist disarticulation, forearm ( trans-radial ) amputation, elbow disarticulation, above-elbow ( trans-humeral ) amputation, shoulder disarticulation, and forequarter amputation. Amputation of single figures is the remotion of a finger ; this will do the patient problem hold oning objects. Multiple digit amputation is the remotion of two or more fingers, hold oning ability may be aided if the sawbones is able reconstruct the musculus. Metacarpal amputation is the complete remotion of the manus, with the carpus still integral ; with this type of amputation there is no ability to hold on. Wrist disarticulation is the remotion of the full manus up to the degree of the carpus articulation. Forearm ( trans-radial ) amputation this is the remotion radius, it is classified by the size of the staying stump ; as the stump length decreases so does the ability for the patient to revolve their forearm. Elbow disarticulation is the remotion of the full forearm up to the cubitus ; the patient still has the ability of keeping weight. Above-elbow ( trans-humeral ) amputation is the remotion of the humourous anyplace above the cubitus and below the shoulder ; prosthetic device could be used if there is some length left on the humourous. Shoulder disarticulation is the remotion the of the full arm, the shoulder blade still remains and the collar bone may or may non be removed. Forequarter amputation is the remotion of the full arm, shoulder blade, and collar bone, normally some bone is left in order to attach a prosthetic devices. The lower limb amputations include: foot amputations, ankle disarticulation ( Syme amputation ) , below-knee ( trans-tibial ) amputation, knee-bearing amputation, above-knee ( trans-femoral ) amputatio n, and hip disarticulation. Foot amputations are the remotion of any portion or part of the pes including toes, and mid-tarsal ; this type of amputation may impact balance and walking. Ankle disarticulation ( Syme amputation ) is the remotion of the full mortise joint ; with this type of amputation the victim can still mobilise without a prosthetic devices. Below-knee ( trans-tibial ) amputation is the remotion of the shinbone above the mortise joint, but below the articulatio genus ; victims keep the usage of the articulatio genus, but have problem seting weight on the stump. Knee-bearing amputation is the complete remotion of the lower leg ; it is normally more hard to make a prosthetic device for this type of amputation. Above-knee ( trans-femoral ) amputation is the remotion of the thighbone up to the degree of the thigh ; the victim can still sit with this type of amputation. Hip disarticulation is the remotion of the full leg ; sawboness try to go forth every bit much of the t highbone as possible in order to attach a prosthetic device. With all the amputations, upper and lower appendages, the sawbones will seek to go forth every bit much bone as possible in order to attach a prosthetic device. In the United States entirely there are over 350,000 amputees, and over 135,000 amputations happening each twelvemonth. In the United States the taking cause for amputations is disease ( 70 % ) , the 2nd leading cause is trauma ( 22 % ) , inborn or birth defects ( 4 % ) , and tumours ( 4 % ) . The most common diseases and conditions that can do an amputation are peripheral artery disease, arterial intercalation, impaired circulation as a complication of diabetes mellitus, sphacelus, terrible cryopathy, Raynaud ‘s disease, and Buerger ‘s disease. More than 90 % of all disease doing amputations are due to circulative complications of diabetes. 60-80 % of all of these amputations involve the lower appendages. Peripheral arteria disease causes amputations by the blood vass indurating that causes the blood to be blocked from making tissues in the organic structure ‘s appendages ; because of this these tissues finally die, which causes the demand for an amputation. Arteri al intercalation causes a blood coagulum to organize which blocks the flow of blood and so causes the tissue to decease and necessitate to be amputated. Diabetess mellitus is a disease where non adequate insulin is produced by the organic structure and hapless circulation occurs as a consequence of the diabetes, the hapless circulation can do tissue to decease, which would so necessitate to be amputated. Gangrene is the decease and decay of one time living tissue, the dead tissue is removed through an amputation. Frostbite is when tissue on the organic structure freezes, ensuing in hoar bite, in terrible instances the tissue dies and so would hold to be removed through an amputation. Raynaud ‘s disease is a disease largely found in immature adult females, it causes reduced blood flow to the appendages ; this could so do the tissue in the appendages to decease. Buerger ‘s disease is a episodic disease that causes redness and obstruction of the venas and arterias of the ap pendages, normally merely occurs in work forces under age 40, who smoke, this disease may necessitate amputation of the custodies or pess. The 2nd prima cause of an amputation is trauma. Harmonizing to Merriam-Webster injury is an hurt ( as a lesion ) to populating tissue caused by an extrinsic agent. There are many different possible injury, they can happen with but are non limited to auto accidents, terrible Burnss and gunshot lesions. During a traumatic hurt, blood vass and other organic structure tissue constituents are ripped or torn beyond fix by these types of hurts, go forthing no other option but amputation. Another cause of an amputation is a congenital or birth defect amputation. Congenital amputations occur in the uterus while the babe is still developing ; blood flow to a limb can go restricted because of other tissue. As a consequence the limb could be lost and the babe is born with a inborn amputation. The other cause of amputations are by tumours. Peoples with malign ant neoplastic disease that have malignant tumours, need to cut off the country in which the tumour is, in order to forestall the malignant neoplastic disease to further spread to other parts of the organic structure. Undergoing an amputation has many effects on the organic structure, both psychological and physical. These effects are happening before and after the surgery. Many new amputees have a hard clip with covering with the loss of a limb which has been with them since birth, merely the idea of holding to work without something that you have had entree to your whole life is a traumatic event in of its ego. When people are told that they are traveling to necessitate an amputation the most common reaction is shock. Many of the victims go through a period of denial, the people think â€Å" this ca n't go on to me † or â€Å" I wo n't allow you make this to me. † Many amputees may besides develop choler towards themselves, loved 1s and God. Amputees think to themselves â€Å" why me? † Many of the new amputees face being worried about the hurting during surgery and during the recovery period. Before the surgery the patients try to â€Å" dicker † with God, the sawbon es, or both to halt the demand for the amputation. After this does n't work many times the patient begins to hold symptoms of depression. Most people in the terminal learn to get by with the loss of their limb and accept what has happened. The amputation will hold a important impact on the patient ‘s self image, which could be positive or negative. Some of the amputees may experience a greater feeling of strength developed in the attempt to get the better of the losingss which have occurred late in their life. A good thing for amputees is run intoing with other amputees to assist each other header. However this new ego imagine of themselves could besides be negative if the amputee is concerned about how people will comprehend them, because they feel that they need to affect. Many are besides concerned because they feel that they wo n't be respected because they are crippled. Just like people need clip to retrieve psychologically and emotionally, the amputees need to retrieve p hysically. After the process, the patient will necessitate to be prescribed pain medical specialty, and antibiotics in order to forestall an infection from happening. The amputated part demands to be moved in order to make good circulation. The patient normally will get down physical therapy within 48 hours after surgery, to advance a speedy and effectual recovery. Depending on the gravitation of the amputation, depends on the clip that the patient will pass in the infirmary, it normally varies from several yearss to two hebdomads. Rehabilitation is a long procedure for amputees. Patients with an upper appendage amputation will most likely work with an Occupational Therapist. Patients with a lower appendage amputation will most likely work with a Physiotherapist/Physical Therapist. The clip that a recovery takes depends on assorted factors such as: physical form before the amputation, age, other medical jobs, ability to larn how to utilize a prosthetic device, how good you follow wa ies, motive to retrieve, and your psychological province. As with any major surgical process, amputations have major hazards with undergoing with this process. Hazards with the anaesthesia exists, every bit good as the possibility of heavy blood loss, and the possibility of blood coagulums organizing. Another major hazard of the process is infection to the amputated part. The rate of infection is at approximately 15 % , if the stump were to go septic the prosthetic device would hold to be removed and perchance a 2nd amputation higher up the appendage. Another major hazard is the stump neglecting to mend. This normally happens when there is a deficiency of blood to the amputated limb. Another hazard is phantom limb hurting, which is hurting that feels like it ‘s coming from a organic structure portion that ‘s no longer at that place. The intervention to phantom limb is hard, but it is possible. New amputees will sooner or subsequently have to confront that it will be harder to make the mundane undertakings that they used to finish. Although most of these undertakings are more hard, they are n't impossible, because of prosthetics. From the clip that amputations started, there were prosthetic device for the losing limbs. The prosthetic device were every bit simple as a wooden leg in the clip of early prosthetics. Today as engineering has advanced from the clip of early prosthetics, so has the prosthetic device made for amputees. Today there are prosthetic device that can pick up urges from the nervus that are amplified into a motor that make the elbow crook or unbend out, or the fingers open and near. For above the articulatio genus patients there are new prosthetic device which use motion-tracking detectors, vacuity suction engineering to supply improved tantrum, comfort and control. Since the recent promotions of these new prosthetic device people can populate similar to th e life that they used to populate. Amputations are a minor reverse for some unbelievable people who have gotten through their calamity, and have become noteworthy people in the universe of amputees. Heather Mills was the former married woman of Beatle Paul McCartney ; she was besides an English militant and a former glamor theoretical account. In August of 1993, Mills was hit by a constabulary bike while traversing the route, her hurts included crushed ribs, a pierced lung, and terrible hurt to her left leg. She needed a metal home base put into her pelvic girdle and the amputation of her leg below the articulatio genus. Bethany Hamilton is an American surfboarder who survived a shark onslaught in where she lost her left arm ; she overcame the serious and debilitating hurt and returned to surfing. Her narrative was so inspiring that there is a film that was late released about her called â€Å" Soul Surfer † . Daniel Inouye President pro tempore of the United States Senate is another noteworthy amputee. Daniel Inouye lost his right arm in the war, he remained in the armed forces until 1947, and he was uprightly discharged with the rank of captain. Inouye had programs to go a sawbones, but because of the loss of his arm, he abandoned his dream and returned to college to analyze political scientific discipline on the GI Bill.

analysis of alica keys essays

analysis of alica keys essays In the summer of 2001 a young women by the name of Alicia Keys was introduced to the Soul and RThe Diary of Alicia Keys. It is tough to distinguish what genre to place Alicias music under because her music is a fusion of hip-hop, Rs music could also be classified to be classical, since she makes use of her talents as a classically trained pianist. Alicias music contains a variety of sounds which is influenced by the many classical composers and contemporary artists she has grown up to adore which represents how unique her style is compared to any other modern artist. Since Alicia was brought up in New York, it is easy to say that she has certainly been influenced by pop culture and thus her music would be as well; however, with her clever use of combining the classical and hip hop genre to popular songs, it is indeed without a doubt that her music is geared towards the pop culture society while preserving a portion of the classical genre. Popular culture is roughly defined as the displacement of religion due to the advancement of science and technology where the majority begins to focus on more measurable things such as ownership, values, and doings (Mills). In Alicia Keys, If I Aint Got You, the first stanza begins with the continual repetition of Some people..., and it is here that she catches the listeners attention. Here, she allows her audience to understand that in todays society many are living for the fortune, fame and power, and she then cries out, but that lifes a bore...so full of the superficial (Lyrics). This depicts that the majority of the people in popular culture are more individualistic and self-centered compared ...

The History of the Submarine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The History of the Submarine - Essay Example According to Farmhand, the idea of underwater navigation is quite old and dates back even before 1624. He mentions that an Englishman William Bourne in 1578 suggested in his book the idea and value of a boat that sails below the surface of water and carries a hollow mast for ventilator (Farmhand 2010). Captain Braxton Harris who is the author of the book The Navy Times Book of submarines: A Political, Social and Military History mentions in this book that Cornelius Drebbel was hired by James I and he, supposedly, built the first submarine. Yet there seem to be no credible image of his boat or accounts of its usage. In the year 1654, "Rotterdam Boat" was designed by D.E. Son who was a Frenchman; it was 72 foot long and was built by the Southern Netherlands to attack an enemy from the English Navy (Brayton). In between 1620 and 1624, many improved concept of submarines were introduced. Although initially the first underwater vehicle was meant for exploring underwater, but soon it encouraged inventors to use this tool to strengthen and broaden the military operations. In 1648, this new startegic concept was executed by Bishop John Wilkins from England in Mathematical Magic. The first ever model to be used for military operations was developed in 1775, it was called Turtle. It had screws for propulsion and was used during American revolutionary war, it failed to sink the warship of Britisher, HMS Eagle. Then in 1804 in France, 'Nautilus' was designed by an American Rober Fulton. In the following years, many underwater ships were developed by many inventors and used in war operations. Successful models to be used from both side were executed in the American civil war. All these ships were manually opearated and, hence, had to go through many failures and as a result, many sank in their very first trials. The very first machine to feature under mechanical operation is Plongeur, devised in the year 1863. Ictieneo II is the first independent and combustion powered submarine (Brayton). Fig. 1.2 – â€Å"Plongeur† (Captain Brayton). Fig.1.3- In 1885 an American Josiah H. Tuck developed "Peacemaker" (Brayton). In the late 19th century, many experimented designs were introduced and in the early 20th century, its true usage and improvement in design, structure and execution was effectively been researched upon by ample involvement of the government (Farmhand 2010). Usage and Technological Advancement The 20th centruy was a pivotal period for the development and usage of submarines. Every nation was interested in including its own submarine in their effective military execution. New technological advancement ensured improved machinery and effective performances of these underwater ships. It was used widely by many nations for the coming World War I. The first subm arines which were mechanically

Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 5

Psychology - Essay Example This paper tries to unearth my experiences of working with a team as the team leader in the class room and the paper makes an individual reflection of how I could instil motivation among the team members owing to my understanding of the various psychological theories put forward by psychologists regarding organizational psychology and working in groups. For the last one week I have been working in team as the team leader to prepare a case study report. The team consisted of twenty members of my class room. Preparing the case study was a challenging group task as each of the group members had his own unique way of looking at the case study provided. Therefore, it was essential that the group members shared their views to the group in an open discussion and the best way of presenting the report was finalized. Keeping the motivation level among the team members high was of utmost importance. However, I could find at the initial stage that most of the other members lacked focus or motivation; this resulted in communication gap and lack of interest among the group members. Moreover, a paucity of enthusiasm and commitment was seen everywhere. What might be the reason behind their indifference? I tried to unveil the hidden cause of the gloom implementing my past study experience and knowledge in various behavioural theories, from my own p erceptions. The first intuition that struck my brain as every one usually thinks was that it was due to the lack of interest in study because I have seen many students those who consider these kinds of team works as time wastes and put little effort to contribute any thing of their own. But the further study informed me that many of the members were personally good at study and had been doing well with their individual assignments. The major problem I observed was that the team members knowingly or unknowingly were impassive to move as a team. Any how, I was damn sure that some sorts of motivation