Essay about The Causes of the American Revolution - 927 Words

The American Revolution was a major declaration of freedom and individual rights that inspired similar revolutions world wide. The underlying causes of the American Revolution were deep seated. Some of the contributing factors were the changes in thinking brought about by the Enlightenment, the theory of Mercantilism, the French and Indian War, and Englands inability to enforce its laws. The most important reason for the Revolution was Americas change in thinking as a result of the Enlightenment. Political philosophers such as John Locke began saying for the first time since ancient Greece that the government was there to serve the people, not the people to serve the government. If the government failed to serve and protect the†¦show more content†¦This was the economic system in which a Mother Country (Britain) starting colonies in other countries. These colonies provide the Mother Country with all the natural resources that it can not provide for itself, and would otherwise have to purchase from other European countries at a higher price. In turn, the Mother Country would sell their manufactured goods back to the colonies and around the world. This is not fully a disadvantage for the colonies. For a long time their populations were small and it was cheaper and easier for them to import most of their goods. However, Britains monopoly of raw materials was not always favorable towards the colonists. Perhaps the Portuguese or French were offering a better price on lumber or tobacco. How many colonists would actually refuse a foreign offer because England wouldnt make as much of a profit off of them? Also, as the colonial populations grew, it became wiser for them to start manufacturing more of their own goods. New England became an esteemed ship building center that rivaled or surpassed Britains. England repeatedly resisted manufacturing in the colonies. They even went as far as to pass laws such as the Wool Act of 1699, the Hat Act of 1732, and the Iron Act of 1750. These laws prevented the exportation of some textiles and all hats, and forbade the building of any new factories that produced iron products. This was done purely for English prosperity without regard toShow Mo reRelatedThe Revolution : The Cause Of The American Revolution1898 Words   |  8 Pages The American Revolution was the turning point for the colonies that made up the United States today. It was the war that freed the colonists from British control. But what actually caused the American Revolution? Well, there’s no simple answer to that question. In fact, most of the causes acted as if they were dominoes. These events can be categorized in four periods of time or setting. These groups are, Salutary neglect, Mercantilism, Boston, and Unity of protests. Salutary neglect was the ideaRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution1202 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout history many revolutions took place, ranging from the unremarkable to a truly memorable, as the French revolution, the American Revolution, and the Bolshevik Revolution, but American revolution took place in 1775-1783. The revolution was different from other revolution because of growing tensions between residents of G reat Britain’s 13 North American colonies and the colonial government because American revolution was not like the others. This revolution was not like the others becauseRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution738 Words   |  3 Pagesas the American Revolution, or the Revolutionary War. The American Revolution was a war between the colonists of America and Great Britain and they were fighting over the independence of America from Britain. This war lasted until 1781, when the British surrendered to the Americans, As a result, America is a fully independent country and it has stayed that way since that day. There were many causes of the war, The Stamp Act, the Boston Tea Party, and Lexington and Concord. The first cause of theRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution913 Words   |  4 Pages While the american revolution was caused from taxes, it was also formed from the effects of a corrupt system of government. The effects of britains rule was a much bigger flame for the revolution then the taxes placed upon citizens. The american revolution was an event that will forever shape us as a country. It was a tough war filled with blood and brutal acts of violence, but it was also an awakening for the colonies that will later become the United States, it showed that while under a governmentRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution880 Words   |  4 Pages The American Revolution is the most important time in all of American history. This brought the birth of a new country and the treasured constitution. In the beginning, colonists were proud to be British. In the years to come, there were small occurrences that bothered the colonists and led to the Revolution. Other countries contributed to the start of a crueller British control. The French and Indian War caused King George III to introduce expensive taxes (Pavao). These taxes came about becauseRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution1335 Words   |  6 Pageswere multiple causes for the American Revolution, but the most important was the violation and deprivation of rights from the American People. The American people were faced with multiple acts and taxes that violated and took away their rights. Americans were continuously being taxed after the French and Indian War by acts like the sugar act, the stamp act, the Townshend acts,the tea act, and many more(Hedtke, et al., The Ame rican Saga). Despite all the taxes being placed on the Americans and the thingsRead MoreCauses of the American Revolution953 Words   |  4 PagesEmily Thou Mr. G./ Period 1 September 14, 2012 Causes of the American Revolution The American Revolution began in 1755 as an open conflict between the thirteen colonies and Great Britain. The Treaty of Paris had ended that war in 1783, giving the colonies their own independence. There are many factors contributing to the start of the Revolution, but the war began as the way The Great Britain treated the colonies versus the way the colonies felt they should be treated. For example, the FrenchRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution886 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Revolution began on April 19, 1775. It was the war between Great Britain and its colonies located in the New World. The colonists, as many historians put it, were like children rebelling against the motherland; however, they had many valid reasons for this revolt, including their desire for freedom and independence. My World History textbook says freedom was falsely promised when the colonists had settled (Krull 868). The more direct causes of this widely known rebellion include taxesRead MoreCaus es Of The American Revolution1344 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Revolution The causes of the American Revolution go back to the beginning of salutary neglect and the French and Indian War, as well as changes in the thinking of society. The effects of these events and other factors led to pressure within the colonies, ultimately resulting in rebellion. There were five factors to the nature of the American Revolution: The Environment, The Enlightenment, Self-Government, Economic Independence and Colonial Unity. The first factor that led to the AmericanRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution813 Words   |  4 PagesCauses Before the American Revolution, any imports from England from us had to come in ships owned by the British. Also, we could only sell tobacco and sugar to England. The British took French territory in Canada, east of the Mississippi River, and Spanish Florida which led to the American Revolution. Due to the war, Britain went in debt so, the British government placed taxes on goods so they could make more money. But that’s not all that led to the American Revolution, both the us and the French

Labor-Management Bargaining Free Essays

The process of labor-management bargaining has evolved since its beginning in the early years of labor negotiations. Since the parties involved in collective bargaining are negotiating a formal contract that both are to be bound by, there are many stresses and tensions that permeate the process. Most early negotiations were filled with drama and emotionalism. We will write a custom essay sample on Labor-Management Bargaining or any similar topic only for you Order Now The struggle has continued today to move toward a more rational process, whereby negotiations are conducted and settled on the facts and more concrete, quantitative arguments. In pursuit of this goal, there are strategies and tactics that can be utilized by both management and unionized labor in order to facilitate a more reasonable contract negotiation. The most beneficial tactics-setting reasonable goals, and researching facts-are employed before the negotiations even begin. First of all, in order to bargain better, it is important to understand just what collective bargaining is. James P. Begin and Edwin F. Beal define collective bargaining as part of an Industrial Relations System. The system of relations consists of: (1) the people who head the organizations that provide goods and services to society, (2) the people who do the work, and (3) the governmental organizations that maintain the society. â€Å"Under capitalism, workers are relatively free to sell their own labor and withhold it at will (Begin, James P., Beal, Edwin F., 3).† This forms a free-will contract in which the employer and employee must decide the terms of employment (Begin, Beal, 3). This provides the basis for the industrial relations system. Before judicial regulations were enacted as a framework for negotiations, the worker and the employer could enter into a verbal contract that would suffice. However, as workers organized themselves into formal labor organizations and elected members to represent them, more formal contracts were needed. The movement of collective bargaining toward a matter of national policy began in 1935 with the enactment of the Wagner Act. This act pronounced two basic principles: (1) employees were to be permitted to form and maintain labor unions of their own choosing without being subjected to coercion, intimidation, or discrimination by employers; and (2) employers were to be required by law to bargain collectively with labor unions designated by their employees on wages, rates of pay, hours, and other conditions of employment. The Wagner Act and others, like the Taft-Hartley Act and the Fair Labor Standards Act, have provided a framework of law within which the collective bargaining process must operate. The legal regulations extend to both the procedural aspects (the manner in which collective bargaining is to be conducted) and to the substantive aspects (the types of subject concerning which collective bargaining is obligatory and which may or may not lawfully be incorporated into collective bargaining agreements). However, the substantive aspect remains relatively unrestricted by law (Torff, Selwyn H., 4-14). It is the substantive aspect that leaves collective bargaining negotiations subject to emotionalism, and illogical and irrational behavior. John Dunlop and James Healy have described four ways in which negotiations can be depicted. The first is a poker game, â€Å"with the larger pots going to those who combine deception, bluff, and luck, or the ability to come up with a strong hand.† The second is an â€Å"exercise in power politics, with the relative strengths of the parties being decisive.† The third, â€Å"a debating society, marked by both rhetoric and name calling.† Fourth and finally they noted a better way-if followed-that a negotiation can be depicted. This is a â€Å"‘rational process,’ with both sides remaining completely flexible and willing to be persuaded only when all the facts have been dispassionately presented (Sloane, Arthur A.; Witney, Fred; 203).† Sloane and Witney have stated, â€Å"all of these characteristics have marked most negotiations over a period of time. The increasing maturity of collective bargaining implies enlargement of the rational process†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This rational process involves the employee, employer, and union settling on the basis of facts rather than name-calling, table pounding, and emotionalism (Sloane, Witney, 203-204). Therefore, in order for collective bargaining to become more rational, certain techniques must be employed. Edward Peters has written a guide to better negotiating titled Strategy and Tactics in Labor Negotiations. In this book he provides good strategies for obtaining a more rational negotiation. The first important step toward better bargaining is to realize the essential nature and purpose of negotiations. In a bargaining conflict, there are three main activities in which each party is involved: (1) attempt to influence each other, the employees, and public opinion by advocating the merits of their respective positions; (2) indicate strength to each other; and (3) explore the possibilities, in terms of each other’s maximum and minimum expectancies, of a settlement without an economic contest, or, at worst, a contest of minimum duration (Peters, Edward, 41). Peters states that sophisticated bargainers often underestimate the importance of good preparation and presentation of their position because they feel that these are just â€Å"window dressing for the harsh realities of economic strength (Peters, 42).† It is true that economic strength is important, but a position reinforced by logic and reason can often exert a crucial influence (Peters, 42). Another step toward better negotiations is preparation and the setting of realistic goals. Peters states that â€Å"the practicality or impracticality of a collective bargaining goal is a matter of foresight, not something to be determined by hindsight (Peters, 60).† An example of this that pertains to management is that sometimes there are items that a union cannot and will not concede. If management does not prepare enough and makes the assumption that the union can and will negotiate on any proposal submitted by management, they risk the possibility of strikes. There are issues over which â€Å"a union will prefer to lose a plant in an economic contest rather than jeopardize itself with a larger group (Peters, 60).† The setting of more realistic goals by management could avoid this detrimental result. In order to set realistic goals, a criteria for realistic goals must be established. Most negotiators, according to Peters, would agree that a realistic goal, to be attained without an economic contest, must be based on the following minimum considerations: (1) has the other party the ability to concede the issue? The employer must be able to concede the issue without serious damage to operations. The union must be able to concede the issue without serious internal injury, or any danger of disintegrating as an organization, or losing out to a rival union; also without seriously impairing its external relationships in the labor movement, or with other employers; (2) are you warranted, by your strength, in setting such a goal? (3) Is your goal within the bargaining expectancy of the other party? This last point may be disregarded only if you are ready to wage an economic contest for your minimum goal (Peters, 61-62). These criteria should be fully examined before setting any goal or pressing any issue in a labor negotiation. Priorities must be established and ranked in order of impact and importance (Richardson, Reed C., 128). Even though setting realistic goals help in negotiations, a course of action must be pursued in order to obtain those goals. Prestige plays an essential role in negotiations. Prestige is an intangible quality in the sense that it is a symbol-a symbol of the potential and actual strengths of the parties in all of their relationships. Prestige reflects itself in the relationship of the parties to each other and especially to the workers in the plant. A union’s basic strength lies in the support of its own membership (Peters, 85-86). Other factors that affect during negotiations are sign language, fringe issues, and negotiable factors. However, the most important tactics take place before the actual negotiations. â€Å"Negotiators who approach the bargaining table without sufficient factual ammunition to handle the growing complexities of labor relations†¦operate at a distinct disadvantage (Sloane, Witney, 213).† Most larger unions and almost all major corporations today have their own research departments to gather data and conduct surveys. Only if both parties research and establish a framework for negotiations can they successfully obtain results within their range of acceptability. With this in mind, collective bargaining can mature to its desired rationality in the management-labor relationship. How to cite Labor-Management Bargaining, Essay examples

Rap As Art Essay Example For Students

Rap As Art Essay INTRODUCTION The word artist is a term that is used to describeprofessions such as painters, chefs, and even musicians. Painters use paints andcanvas as their medium, chefs use food for their delicacy, and musicians use thewords and musical instruments to create the art of sound. Even within this, theterms of chief, painters, and musicians encompass many facets. For example, somechiefs specialize only in pastries, some painters only work with watercolor, orthe in the instance of music, musicians who create rap music. IN ALL INSTANCES AFORM OF CREATION HAS TAKEN PLACE BUT MODERN DAY SCRUTINY ON WHO CAN OR CANNOT BECONSIDERED ARTISTS HAS BANISHED RAPPERS AS ARTISTS. FIRST SUPPORTING PARAGRAPHRAPPERS ARE MUSICIANS WHO USE FAST-PACED RHYMING VERSES ACCOMPANIED WITH A HEAVYBEAT AND SYNTHESIZING RHYTHMS. The lyrical verses can reflect everything fromlove to a drug deal gone wrong to strong opinions about social and politicalissues. Lately though, rappers such as Tupac Shakur, Notorious BIG , and PuffDaddy have been scrutinized as to weather or not their form of expression can beconsidered art. Notorious BIG uses offensive language to describe his lifestylesand his objects of desire. Many people think that the profanity andoffensiveness of his lyrics serve as reasons to dismiss him as an artists. However, according to the definition of an artist, rappers can be consideredartists. SECOND SUPPORTING PARAGRAPH IN ORDER TO FULLY ESTABLISH THAT RAPPERSARE ARTISTS, THE DEFINITION OF ARTIST AND ART MUST BE ESTABLISHED. An artist is a person skilled in a fine art, such as painting, dance or music. Art is the creation of a work bringing about a variety of new combination ofelements in the medium (tones in music, words in literature, ect.) To furtherestablish the definition of artist, lets look at some examples. Painters forinstance are considered as artist because they meet the defined criteria. First,painter must be skilled in their field. They must have an eye for color, shapes,patterns and details. Second, painters must be able to combine differentvariables to form a variation of artwork. They must be able to bring differentexisting colors, textures, and shape together to create something new, abstract,or even definitional. Third, painters must use their skill as a form ofself-expression. Colors portray their emotions and the shapes to signify acertain mood. In these aspect painters meet all the criteria that make an artistan artist. Now you need to examine the characteristics of a rapper to determinewhether or not they meet the same criteria of being skilled in a fine art s uchas music, being able to bring out new combination of elements to form somethingnew, and being able to present a form of self expression. THIRD SUPPORTINGPARAGRAPH IN FACT RAP IS A FORM OF MUSIC THAT REQUIRES MANY TALENTS IN THESIMILAR FORM THAT PAINTERS MUST BE SKILLED AT THEIR TRADE. According to theMerriam Websters Dictionary, rapping is defined as a rhythmic chantingoften in unison of usually rhymed couplets to a musical accompaniment.Therefore, in addition to the skills required of other musicians, such as beingable to detect musical notes, and being able to read music, musicians who rapmust be able to write rhyming lyrics as well as being rhythmically inclined. Forexample, well-known rapper Bizzy Bone from the rap group Bone Thugs NHarmony is acclaimed for his ability to rap with an incredible speed and at thesame time maintain a steady beat and rhythm. In addition to those talents, arapper must be able to create and write verses and couplets. Two of the mostpopular rappers, Notorious BIG and Tupac Shakur, were recognized for theirability to write lyrics that had not only absorbing meaning but were also knownfor their choice of words and semantics. In light if this, rappers begin to fitthe definition of artists because they posses certain musical skills necessaryto their particular form of art. FORTH SUPPORTING PARAGRAPH THE SECOND ATTRIBUTETHAT RAPPERS MAINTAIN TO BRING IS A NEW COMBINATION OF ELEMENTS. Just aspainters must be able to take different colors and shapes to create a painting,rappers must also be able to take pieces and put them together for a new song. .u417b9fa7ec9aa0466f47bdf98cad012b , .u417b9fa7ec9aa0466f47bdf98cad012b .postImageUrl , .u417b9fa7ec9aa0466f47bdf98cad012b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u417b9fa7ec9aa0466f47bdf98cad012b , .u417b9fa7ec9aa0466f47bdf98cad012b:hover , .u417b9fa7ec9aa0466f47bdf98cad012b:visited , .u417b9fa7ec9aa0466f47bdf98cad012b:active { border:0!important; } .u417b9fa7ec9aa0466f47bdf98cad012b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u417b9fa7ec9aa0466f47bdf98cad012b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u417b9fa7ec9aa0466f47bdf98cad012b:active , .u417b9fa7ec9aa0466f47bdf98cad012b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u417b9fa7ec9aa0466f47bdf98cad012b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u417b9fa7ec9aa0466f47bdf98cad012b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u417b9fa7ec9aa0466f47bdf98cad012b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u417b9fa7ec9aa0466f47bdf98cad012b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u417b9fa7ec9aa0466f47bdf98cad012b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u417b9fa7ec9aa0466f47bdf98cad012b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u417b9fa7ec9aa0466f47bdf98cad012b .u417b9fa7ec9aa0466f47bdf98cad012b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u417b9fa7ec9aa0466f47bdf98cad012b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Road to Salvation EssayFor instance, a method of compilation used by many rappers is called sampling. An artist takes a musical cord or series of notes from different musicians andbuilds upon it to produce their own sound. A rapper may take an introduction toa song and use that as the basis for their song. An instance of this can befound in Puff Daddys sampling of Lunez I Got 5 ON IT. Puff Daddy usesthe background music and creates his own lyrics to form a new and slower lovesong, Satisfy You. FIFTH SUPPORTING PARAGRAPH ANOTHER CHARACTERISTIC OF ARAPPER THAT GIVES HIM OR HER THE RIGHT TO BE CONSIDERED A RAPPER, IS THEEXPRESSIONS THEIR SONGS PRESENT. Painters may use red to signify their anger oryellow to express cheerfulness, paralleling to rappers use of words and lyricsto express their feelings and emotions about politics, personal reasons, or eventheir happiness in their wealth. Rapper Tupac Shakur was noted for his anger andfrustrations that was his seen in his lyrics and music. He used his feelingsfrom his unstable childhood and life in the inner city. He also often describeshis lost friendship and hate towards Notorious BIG due to Notorious BIG stealinglyrics from Tupac further creating a rivalry among the two rappers. Many rapperssuch as Juvenile and the group Cash Money rap about topics such as success inlife, wealth, and the things they can buy with it. There are all sorts ofvariation of rappers just as there are variation of painters; some painting areonly abstract and other paintings are in details. CONCLUSION Rappers use theirlife and its tribulations as a source of inspiration to their music. The musicthey create present all the forms of what would consider them to be artist; dueto their unique ability to create rhythmic lyrics, to express themselves, and touse different elements to create something new and distinct. BibliographyMarian Websters Dictionary pg. 7879, pg. 1128